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<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Archiving and Interchange DTD with OASIS Tables with MathML3 v1.4 20241031//EN" "https://jats.nlm.nih.gov/archiving/1.4/JATS-archive-oasis-article1-4-mathml3.dtd">
<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы прочности и пластичности</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1814-9146</issn></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32326/1814-9146-2026-88-2-5-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group><subject>Other</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ВЫЧИСЛЕНИЕ T-НАПРЯЖЕНИЯ ДЛЯ ОСНОВНЫХ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ОБРАЗЦОВ МЕХАНИКИ РАЗРУШЕНИЯ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>CALCULATION OF T-STRESS FOR BASIC EXPERIMENTAL SAMPLES OF FRACTURE MECHANICS</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перова</surname><given-names>О.С.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perova</surname><given-names>O.S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>o.s.perova@yandex.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лавит</surname><given-names>И.М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lavit</surname><given-names>I.M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>igorlavit@yandex.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Tula State University (Tula, Russian Federation)</institution></aff><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Тульский государственный университет (Тула, Российская Федерация)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-30"><day>30</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>21</lpage><permissions><license xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:title="CC BY 4.0"><ali:license_ref>https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ali:license_ref><license-p xml:lang="ru">CC BY 4.0</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="http://ppp.mech.unn.ru/index.php/ppp/article/view/945" xlink:title="http://ppp.mech.unn.ru/index.php/ppp/article/view/945">http://ppp.mech.unn.ru/index.php/ppp/article/view/945</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Усовершенствованные критерии продвижения трещины, разработанные в последние десятилетия, включают в себя несингулярные составляющие тензора напряжений. Численные методы для их вычисления немногочисленны и сложны. Предлагаемый метод не требует изменений основы вычислительного процесса – метода конечных элементов. Суть его та же, что и у известного расширенного метода конечных элементов (extended finite element method). Он состоит в добавлении к обычным координатным функциям метода конечных элементов (функциям формы) координатных функций, явно моделирующих сингулярность поля напряжений в кончике трещины. В предложенном методе, в отличие от расширенного метода конечных элементов, эти функции одинаковы для всех элементов, что обеспечивает межэлементную непрерывность поля перемещений. Коэффициенты интенсивности напряжений включаются в число варьируемых параметров, поэтому они находятся при решении разрешающей системы линейных алгебраических уравнений без каких-либо дополнительных вычислительных процедур. Вычисление несингулярных компонент тензора напряжений (для некогезионной трещины это T-напряжение) также не требует привлечения специальных методов, например, метода разделения напряжений. Таким образом, представленный метод является по существу объединением классического метода конечных элементов и классического метода Ритца – Галеркина. Проблемы при его применении возникают, если на граничном контуре заданы главные граничные условия, которым не удовлетворяют координатные функции, моделирующие сингулярность. Однако решение находится, если удовлетворять этим условиям только в узлах конечно-элементной сетки, лежащих на граничном контуре (точках коллокации). При этом реакции связей рассматриваются как активные силы и включаются в число искомых неизвестных задачи. Применение метода проиллюстрировано примерами решения задач для компактного образца на растяжение и трехточечного изгибного образца. Результаты расчетов сопоставляются с результатами других исследователей.</p></abstract><abstract xml:lang="en" abstract-type="summary"><p>Improved crack promotion criteria developed in recent decades include non-singular components of the stress tensor. Numerical methods for calculating them are few and complex. The proposed method does not require changes to the basis of the computational process – the finite element method. Its essence is the same as that of the well-known extended finite element method. It consists in adding coordinate functions to the usual coordinate functions of the finite element method (shape functions) that explicitly model the stress field singularity at the crack tip. In the proposed method, unlike the extended finite element method, these functions are the same for all elements, which ensures the inter-element continuity of the displacement field. Stress intensity coefficients are included among the variable parameters. Therefore, they are found when solving a resolving system of linear algebraic equations without any additional computational procedures. Calculation of non-singular components of the stress tensor (for a non-cohesive crack, this is the T-stress) It also does not require the use of special methods, for example, the stress separation method. Thus, the presented method is essentially a combination of the classical finite element method and the classical Ritz–Galerkin method. Problems with its application arise if the main boundary conditions are set on the boundary contour, which are not satisfied by the coordinate functions modeling the singularity. However, the solution is found if these conditions are satisfied only at the nodes of the finite element grid lying on the boundary contour (collocation points). In this case, bond reactions are considered as active forces and are included among the desired unknowns of the task. The application of the method is illustrated by examples of solving problems for a compact tensile sample and a three-point bending sample. The results of the calculations are compared with the results of other researchers.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>трехточечный изгибный образец</kwd><kwd>T-напряжение</kwd><kwd>разрушение</kwd><kwd>трещина</kwd><kwd>компактный образец</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>fracture</kwd><kwd>crack</kwd><kwd>compact sample</kwd><kwd>three-point bending sample</kwd><kwd>T-stress</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Матвиенко Ю.Г. Модели и критерии механики разрушения. М.: Физматлит, 2006. 328 с.</mixed-citation></ref><ref id="ref2"><mixed-citation publication-type="other" xml:lang="ru">Gupta M., Alderliesten R.C., Benedictus R. A review of T-stress and its effects in fracture mechanics. Engineering Fracture Mechanics. 2015. Vol. 134. 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