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<article xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" dtd-version="1.4" article-type="research-article" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Проблемы прочности и пластичности</journal-title></journal-title-group><journal-id journal-id-type="issn">1814-9146</journal-id></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.32326/1814-9146-2025-88-1-31-47</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="uri">http://ppp.mech.unn.ru/index.php/ppp/article/view/923</article-id><self-uri>http://ppp.mech.unn.ru/index.php/ppp/article/view/923</self-uri><title-group><article-title xml:lang="ru">ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНОЕ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ ПАРАМЕТРОВ СФЕРИЧЕСКОЙ ПОЛОСТИ В ОБРАЗЦАХ, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННЫХ С ПОМОЩЬЮ АДДИДИВНЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ, И ВОССТАНОВЛЕНИЕ ПОЛЯ НАПРЯЖЕНИЙ МЕТОДОМ «ЗАМОРАЖИВАНИЯ»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF SPHERICAL CAVITY PARAMETERS IN SAMPLES PRODUCED USING ADDITIVE TECHNOLOGIES AND RESTORATION OF THE STRESS FIELD BY A “FREEZING” METHOD</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Л.В.</given-names></name><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Степанова</surname><given-names>Л.В.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Stepanova</surname><given-names>L.V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>stepanova.lv@ssau.ru</email></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Любимов</surname><given-names>Е.А.</given-names></name><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Любимов</surname><given-names>Е.А.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Lyubimov</surname><given-names>E.A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><email>lyubimov.sa@ssau.ru</email></contrib><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Samara National Research University named after Academician S.P. Korolev (Samara)</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Самарский национальный исследовательский университет имени академика С.П. Королева (Самара)</institution></aff></aff-alternatives></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-30"><day>30</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>88</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>47</lpage><abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представлено экспериментальное обоснование возможности определения параметров сферической полости или включения в образце по данным испытаний на одноосное сжатие (или растяжение) образцов. Для экспериментальной идентификации параметров сферической полости по данным механических испытаний на сжатие (растяжение) с помощью аддитивных технологий была изготовлена серия образцов из оптически активных материалов (AnycubicABS-LikePRO 2 Clear) кубической формы со сферическими полостями. В исследовании с использованием моделей прозрачных дисков и образцов кубической формы со сферическими полостями, напечатанных на 3D-принтере, были изучены характеристики двойного лучепреломления при сжатии фотополимеров и испытаний на сжатие в замороженном состоянии при различных температурах и осевых нагрузках. Получены интерференционные картины (карты изохроматических линий с помощью метода цифровой фотоупругости) и распределения полей перемещений (методом корреляции цифровых изображений) на поверхности образца. На основе экспериментально найденных полей напряжений и перемещений на поверхности образца определены координаты центра сферической полости и ее радиус путем вычисления значений функционала взаимности и инвариантных интегралов взаимодействия. Для реализации метода «замораживания» напряжений и фиксации напряженных участков на напечатанной модели разработана полярископическая система, объединенная с высокотемпературной загрузочной камерой. После проведения испытаний пространственный образец, разрезанный на пластины, дает картины разности главных напряжений во внутренних сечениях образца (картины изохроматических полос в плоских пластинах, полученных посредством разрезания образца кубической формы со сферической полостью), что позволяет оценить параметры напряженно-деформированного состояния внутри образца с концентратором напряжений. Проведено сопоставление экспериментальных полей с конечно-элементными решениями, сравнение показало хорошую согласованность результатов. Разработана комплексная методика экспериментального определения механических полей в нагруженных телах с последующей идентификацией внутренних дефектов на основе интерференционно-оптических измерений, инвариантных интегралов взаимодействия, численных оценок для идентификации скрытых включений.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>An experimental substantiation of the possibility of determining the parameters of a spherical cavity or inclusion based on the data of uniaxial compression (or tension) tests of samples is presented. For experimental identification of spherical cavity parameters based on mechanical compression (tension) tests using additive 3D printing technologies, a series of cubic shaped samples with spherical cavities made of optically active materials (Anycubic ABS-Like PRO 2 Clear) was produced. In a study using models of transparent disks and cubic samples with spherical cavities printed on a 3D printer, the characteristics of double refraction during compression of photopolymers and compression tests in the frozen state at various temperatures and axial loads were investigated. Interference patterns (maps of isochromatic lines using the digital photoelasticity method) on the sample surface and the distribution of displacement fields (using the digital image correlation method) were obtained. Based on experimentally found stress and displacement fields on the sample surface, the coordinates of the center of a spherical cavity and its radius are determined by calculating the values of the reciprocity functional and invariant interaction integrals found from experimental fields. To implement the method of “freezing” stresses and fixing stressed areas on the printed model, a polaroscopic system combined with a high-temperature loading chamber has been developed. After testing, the spatial sample is cut into plates, which give interference patterns of the difference in the main stresses in the inner sections of the sample: patterns of isochromatic bands in flat plates obtained by cutting a cubic sample with a spherical cavity are found, which makes it possible to estimate the parameters of the stress-strain state inside the sample with a stress concentrator. A comparison of experimental fields with finite element solutions was carried out, and the comparison showed good consistency of the results. A comprehensive technique has been developed for the experimental determination of mechanical fields in loaded bodies, followed by the identification of internal defects based on interference-optical measurements, invariant interaction integrals, and numerical estimates for the identification of hidden inclusions.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>задача неразрушающего контроля</kwd><kwd>аддитивные технологии</kwd><kwd>3D-печать</kwd><kwd>инвариантные интегралы механики</kwd><kwd>метод цифровой фотоупругости</kwd><kwd>метод «замораживания» напряжений</kwd><kwd>геометрическая обратная задача</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>non-destructive testing problem</kwd><kwd>additive technologies</kwd><kwd>3D printing</kwd><kwd>invariant integrals of mechanics</kwd><kwd>digital photoelasticity method</kwd><kwd>stress freezing method</kwd><kwd>geometric inverse problem</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Выполнено при поддержке РНФ (проект №25-21-00272)</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was supported by Russian Science Foundation (grant No 25-21-00272).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><ref id="ref1"><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cui C., Wang Q., Ma W. 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